Field Analysis For System Conversion

Question: Direct a field investigation for framework conversion.Evaluate the data gave in the connected record. Decide whether the information in the old framework should be changed over in the new framework and how this ought to be finished? Answer: The current report can be alluded to as field investigation, for the usage the board of concerned more up to date MPI framework. It is important to make reference to that alongside the sanctioning of essential changes for the work process into machine language, there ought to be adequate speculation over preparing and training program (Gardner, 1999). This will assist the workers with making fitting use of more up to date framework and finding vital necessities for future usage of imperative working. It is imperative to save the past information in all regard. The explanation related for protecting of more seasoned data can be made into usage as contextual investigation; proof based clinical choice and companion or meta-examination study. All the more critically, investigation of patient history is one of the significant perspectives, which can be executed (Gardner, 1999). The worries as acquired as for the field examination can be portrayed regarding following point: DOB The configuration for date of birth stays same, which is a typical widespread arrangement. It is henceforth keeping up a similar organization is suitable regarding keeping up the old data and dealing with the ensuing work strategies. Characters for first and last name Increase or decline in characters won't interest for additional room in the storehouse. It is consequently expanding the character size for recording name will be valuable. The ASCII designed character space accordingly can be expanded upto same 30 characters for first name. Regularly when individuals from different foundation have longer names, such change will be useful. Administrations It is progressively proper to make incorporation of number of administrations contrasted with the old framework, which contains exceptionally less number of administrations. Administrations, for example, Newborn, pediatrics and medical procedure are same as like more seasoned framework. Administrations, viz. OB/Gyn and Medical ought to be sorted into more up to date framework, as for the more seasoned information. Then again, it is anything but difficult to sort information dependent on DOB of patient to look in an assistance storehouse more seasoned information. In this manner, the more established framework is important to be moved in more current arrangement. Furthermore, another help tab, Palliative consideration ought to be included the more up to date framework. Tolerant sort The substance remembered for the more current framework is progressively suitable and accommodating. Along these lines, there is no compelling reason to roll out any improvements concerning quiet sorts tab. Doctor number With time, clearly the quantity of patients visiting to the emergency clinic as outpatient and being conceded in the medical clinic will be expanding. It is consequently expanding the digits will be useful. Significantly, the 5 digits ought to be expanded to 7 digits, which will empower the framework to make into utilization for longer term. To cause the more seasoned records and data to line up with the more up to date framework, it is suitable to make the 4 digit numbers or all the more appropriately. The least difficult path is to utilize awk content or JAVA program to include 0 preceding the more seasoned number records (Wang, 1997). MRN The idea of expanding the digit from 7 to 10 is successful. So as to make the more seasoned records import into the more current framework, 0 can be added to the past MRN. References: Gardner, R. M., Pryor, T. A., Warner, H. R. (1999). The HELP medical clinic data framework: update 1998. Universal diary of clinical informatics, 54(3), 169-182. Wang, K., Van Wingerde, F. J., Bradshaw, K., Szolovits, P., Kohane, I. (1997). A Java-based multi-institutional clinical data recovery framework. In Proceedings of the AMIA Annual Fall Symposium (p. 538). American Medical Informatics Association.

Behaviors of Domestic Cats

Felines have been kept as local pets since old occasions. They are known as faithful, finicky and free animals. Their practices can reveal to us whether they have a physical disease, are disturbed or stressed or are glad and mollified. (Catsinfo. com) When a feline rubs facing somebody, they are demonstrating responsibility for individual and stamping them in that capacity. Felines can be very finicky regarding who they like and can even decide to overlook somebody in the event that they conclude they don't care for them. (Budiansky, 2002) A feline is normally disposed to paw things, for example, furniture, window hangings or rugs.Many individuals have their felines declawed to forestall harm to these articles. While this was typical for a long time, it is currently turning out to be something of a debate. Basic entitlements activists and many feline proprietors are contrasting the method with removal and eagerly restrict the training. With time and exertion, felines can be prepared to utilize a scratching post. One issue for feline proprietors is the peril that most house plants present to the felines. In the wild, felines eat grass to help with hide in their stomach. Numerous normal house plants can be harmful to felines if ingested.Hanging plants are not generally safe since felines will climb furniture to contact them. A few proprietors have discovered that growning a little fix of grass in a compartment will keep the felines cheerful enough to disregard different plants. Numerous indoor felines utilize a litter box rather than the outside. In the wild, felines cover their defecation to shield predators from scenting them. This conduct proceeds inside also. Felines are normally perfect creatures and like the litter box to be spotless too. One of the fundamental issues for feline proprietors is pee in a territory other than the litter box.There can be numerous foundations for this conduct and it is experimentation until the issue is settled. Finding the corr ect litter box and sort of litter can likewise be experimentation as certain felines lean toward a certain something, some another. One purpose behind a feline to decline to utilize the litter box is that it isn't perfect. On the off chance that the litter box is spotless, it might be a physical illness, for example, a bladder disease or urinary tract contamination. Any infirmities ought to be treated by a veterinarian. A feline may show it is agitated with pee outside the litter box as well.Cats can be angry with any number of things, for example, changes in natural surroundings, increments of new pets to the family or different changes. Viewing a cat’s tail can be a decent sign of the cat’s mind-set. A tail that is erect and held high shows a cordial state of mind. A tail that is setting down and jerking for the most part demonstrates the feline is meditative or touchy. A tail held high and lightened out is a decent marker that the feline will assault whenever incite d. (xmission, 2007) Cats show fondness in a few different ways. Murmuring is the most regularly perceived conduct of a well disposed, content cat.A feline will murmur when cheerful, commonly while being petted. Felines will likewise rub against an individual to show kind disposition and furthermore to stamp the individual as their. Felines have aroma organs all over their bodies that empower them to stamp their domain. property This is another conduct taken from the wild where they mark their region against different creatures attacking it. Banging their heads into an individual is another method of indicating love. Urinary splash is likewise a path for them to stamp their region however having them fixed or fixed at around a half year old enough will stop this behavior.Cats are regular trackers and will follow flying creatures, little creatures and toys. It is their intuition to chase that makes them jump on toys and bat them around. Felines are acceptable trackers and very quick n ow and again. Numerous ranches keep felines as mousers in the horse shelter and home. Felines will pursue little toys or laser lights. This is the chasing impulse in them causing this conduct as felines are pulled in by development. Felines tend to demonstrate thoughtfulness regarding individuals who couldn't care less for felines when they visit. This is because of a conduct in the wild that demonstrates submissivness.Cats will take a gander at another feline and show hostility if ensuring an area or youthful. A feline who won't take a gander at another feline or appears to disregard it is demonstrating accommodation to the next feline. It is a similar conduct in individuals who couldn't care less for felines, they will in general turn away or attempt to overlook the feline. This is a solicitation to the feline to show predominance. A feline that is harmed or in torment will in general conceal itself in a dim territory. This is a conduct that regularly spares their lives in nature. Harmed or powerless creatures frequently become nourishment for predators so stowing away is a characteristic instinct.Cats will regularly do something very similar inside when harmed. Remember that any harmed or tormented creature will strike out whenever alarmed and additional consideration ought to be taken when endeavoring to remove the feline from its concealing spot. (xmission, 2007) Cats make brilliant pets and are moderately low maintantence because of their autonomous nature. They don't require consistent consideration or consolation. They can be prepared to conquer unseemly conduct and are amazingly loving when it suits them. Regardless of whether the feline is an indoor feline or an open air feline, the practices will in general be the same.Instinct has an enormous influence in feline conduct and realizing these practices can prompt an agreeable feline and proprietor relationship. Works Cited Budiansky, Stephen. â€Å"The Character of Cats: The Mystery Is Not Why They'r e So Antisocial yet Why They're Social at All. † The Atlantic Monthly June 2002: 75+. Questia. 26 Sept. 2007 <http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5002470654>. http://www. catsinfo. com Moore, Glenda. â€Å"Catstuff† Retrieved September 24, 2007 from http://www. xmission. com/emailbox/whycat. htm

Marathon Monday

Marathon Monday Today is the 121st Boston Marathon, the oldest, and most famous, marathon in the world. The race begins at 10AM in Hopkinton, a suburb of Boston, and winds 26.2 miles  through Ashland, Framingham, Natick, Wellesley, Newton, Brookline, and finally Boston, where the freshly-painted finish line welcomes runners home, under the protective wing of the Boston Public Library, and in the company of all those who ran before and with them. Today, Ill also be watching, rather than running, the Marathon, for the first time since 2013, when the Tsarnaev brothers killed  my friend Martin, and later  MIT Police Officer Sean Collier. Regular readers of this blog may recall my post, last April, about  MIT and the Marathon, and what each taught me about the other. One hard lesson Ive learned, as a described in that post, that its possible to overtrain both body and mind to the point where either/both get injured. Thats what happened to me: overuse injuries in my knees and hips that never got any better because I didnt take enough time to heal. And so Im listening to my doctor, taking the year off from running, doing different things, trying to focus less on growth and more on recovery until Im better. In some ways Ive found recovery harder to handle than training. When training for something, I can set and focus on a goal, and break the pathway up into parts, and solve them in sequence, and, if I set it up right and did everything correctly, I could get the thing I wanted. The pathway to recovery is not always so straight and manageable. A lot of healing is out of your hands. It takes time and patience and coming to terms with the fact that some things are out of your control. It requires a different kind of discipline, and ultimately peace with yourself and the world youre entangled with, to achieve. If youre like me if youre like a lot of people at MIT you might also find recovery harder than training. What I can say on this side of both mental/physical overtraining is that its really, really important to know when you need to rest. I think the students we admit are, in general, often better with training than they are with recovery. And if that describes you, consider this my encouragement to start practicing that as well. Youll need it at MIT, and, as it turns out, for the rest of your life, too. Im not sure what Im going to do today. I might swing by HMart, buy some snacks, and hand them out along the last few miles to provide calories and encouragement to other charity runners. I may hang out with my brother who will be watching from an apartment along the route and cheer from the windows. I might go sit for awhile at Seans memorial and just think. Maybe a bit of all of the above. For the first Marathon Monday in awhile, Im trying not to plan everything out, but to switch it up, and have it be a rest day rather than a training day. Its a small change, but just like with training, a bunch of small changes can add up to a big one; indeed, its the only thing that ever does. If youre along the route today, the Globe has published a guide for spectators; if youre following along at home, you can  review the schedule and elite runners, track the leaders, and watch a livestream. You can also track specific runners on the BAA website. Good luck to anyone who is running today, including the members of the MIT community, some of whom are profiled in the video immediately below. Ill be thinking of, and cheering for, you. Post Tagged #Running Marathon Monday Yesterday was the third Monday in April, meaning it’s Patriots’ Day (a holiday celebrated almost exclusively in Massachusetts and Maine). The third day in a four-day weekend, it also marks what has been a Boston tradition â€" 115 years running (no pun intended). Of course, I’m referring to the Boston Marathon (won by Kenyan runner Geoffrey Mutai in record time). A number of MIT students run each year, but even for those (like myself) who don’t know anyone participating, there’s quite the celebratory atmosphere. I made my way from North Station to Kenmore Square around 11:20 am; thanks to the number of spectators heading that direction on the T, it took 45 minutes to go (compared to the usual twenty minutes). Despite the extremely packed state on the trains, Kenmore Square is a nice place to watch the marathon because there’s so much space and it’s not actually packed there. One of our fraternities, Phi Sig, hosts a Marathon Day party every year at their house, which is located along the marathon route on Commonwealth Avenue. They were doling on hot dogs, hamburgers, and chicken burgers to the mostly MIT crowd there, although it was quite clear they couldn’t make the food fast enough to keep up with the demand. Thanks to sponsorship, they were also handing out free energy drinks. They also had a dunk tank, which was only in intermittent use â€" i.e. when one of the Phi Sig brothers (or friends of Phi Sig brothers) was willing to take a dunk. Oh, yeah, but the marathon. See, it’s very exciting. I got a rather precarious shot from above the action on this segment of Commonwealth. And I’m reminded again how nice Kenmore and the Back Bay are. The number of spectators increases one walks the final mile toward the end of the finish line. By the time I reached the final corner of the marathon, where runners turn off Exeter Street onto Boylston Street, I simply couldn’t move any further. Nevertheless, thanks to my long wingspan and an articulating screen on my camera, I still managed to get a shot of the frenzy over the final few paces. Now, I’m not going to tell you how to spend your weekends, but do be sure to spend at least one Patriots’ Day watching the Boston Marathon.

Your brand advocates - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 512 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Business Essay Level High school Tags: Walmart Essay Did you like this example? To spread the news about the sustainability policies to reach the younger generation they can use the following measures: Use of brand advocates: The best advocates are people who love your brand, this will increase brand image and encourage word of mouth publicity. They can create brand advocates in different cities and states who discuss their services, products and talk good about them. They can start a two-way communication and influence millions of consumers who are active on social media and have followers. These brand advocates can be offered special discounts and coffee treats by you. They are the best to start discussion on your sustainable initiatives. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Your brand advocates" essay for you Create order Advantages: The youth who are almost always online will connect with your brand immediately and you will start getting millions of followers and responses immediately. Disadvantages: The youth and stories change very fast the content will have to be carefully reviewed to avoid boredom and creating a negative image. The storyline should be constant and continuous. Cross-Channel campaigns: These campaigns should be engaging, humorous and engage consumers across all social media channels. It can be linked to a social media page and a link can land on your website. The consumers should be involved with engaging stories and additional emotional connect. The page should be happening with innovative subjects and hashtags to make it trendy and liked. It should focus on the sustainable policies organized and planned by Wal-Mart. Advantages: The youth will take to commenting, sharing and liking immediately, tagging will also start. Your policies will become known and create a positive brand image instantly if the storyline or initiatives are liked. Disadvantages: Again the youth need continuous flow of information and the initiatives or their details need to be updated almost 5 times in a week. The storyline and engaging of consumers has to be constant process. The fear of spamming and negative comments needs to be carefully addressed. Go live with your story: Your brand has its own unique story; you can live stream it on many social media sites. The youth like to be involved and know about such stories. You can engage and inspire your customers. You can inform them about your sustainable policies and create an image of a company which takes CSR activities very seriously. The content should be shareable and create memories. Advantages: Live streaming can give a instant information to your consumers of your policies. The live streaming and the storyline connect with the youth instantly. Disadvantages: There could be spamming and abuse which has to be immediately reviewed. The negative feedback and comments have to be frequently reviewed or suitably handled. The cases of cyberbullying and hacking have to be taken care regularly. The above strategies build a storyline around the brand Wal-Mart and add value to its image with an informal discussion, chatting, engaging and updating consumers on their positive sustainable policies. The initiatives taken by the brand will be brought to their notice without making it sound like news or an article. It will also encourage feedback and generate information on future initiatives planned.

Kidnapped vs in Cold Blood Comparison - 3058 Words

In the novels Kidnapped by Robert Louis Stevenson and In Cold Blood by Truman Capote both authors demonstrate their use of characters and their change throughout the novel. In Kidnapped, the characters David and Ebenezer Balfour and the characters Herb Clutter, Perry, and Alvin Dewey in In Cold Blood are dynamic characters because they all undergo a change within the novels. Furthermore, Capote and Stevenson use suspense to promote the character dynamics within the novels. Capote and Stevenson cohesively use suspense with irony, the theme of chase and the overall structure of their novels to illustrate the character dynamics. Suspenseful irony is used to show the change in character throughout the novels. Suspense adds to the theme of†¦show more content†¦(Stevenson 3). However, Mr. Campbell’s statement is tentative because it instills David with the image of his uncle as being a person of high-class and thus a very respectable person. However, when Ebenezer first mak es his appearance, David suspects he is a â€Å"mean, stooping, narrow-shouldered, clay-faced creature† and was â€Å"long unshaved† and according to David’s point of view â€Å"he seemed most like an old, unprofitable serving-man, who should have left in charge of that big house upon board wages.† (12). Stevenson uses the irony of Ebenezer’s appearance to build suspense when David finally meets him. Furthermore, the irony also helps to describe the character of Ebenezer as a solitary man who does not care about his outward appearance because according to David’s point of view his uncle seems to be like an â€Å"unprofitable serving-man.† (12). Therefore, the house itself reflects the appearance of his uncle as a decrepit place of living. Stevenson also uses irony to illustrate Ebenezer’s character as a deceitful and cunning man in the various tricks he performs on David. One of his devious plans of getting rid of David involves the stair-tower near the house. In order to gain David’s trust he bribes him with â€Å"seven and thirty golden guinea (Scottish currency) pieces.† (22). The rest of David’s inheritance money is locked up in a chest in the stair-tower. David asks for a light but â€Å"very cunningly† his uncle tells him that there is light in theShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pages ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. 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At the same time, it should be realized that not all the words included here are pure Onitsha. Thus ogà ¨ is a more typically Onitsha word than mÌ€ gbà ¨ for time; yet mÌ€ gbà ¨ is known - and 8 ThereRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages........................................................................... 251 False Dilemma Fallacy....................................................................................................................... 253 Fallacy of Faulty Comparison .......................................................................................................... 256 Fallacious Appeal to Authority .....................................................................................................

Universal Healthcare in the US Free Essays

Explain how access, quality, and cost is improved in your new system by answering the following questions 3. What economic impact will these changes bring? Scope and Size of the US Healthcare System The US healthcare delivery system Is massive. Total employment In various settings Is almost 10 million, which Includes; Professionally active doctors of medicine(Meds) 744,000 Active nurses Dentist Pharmacists Healthcare Administrators 168,000 226,000 700,000 Therapists(physical, occupational, and speech) Hospitals Nursing Homes In-patient mental faceless 5,760 16,100 4,300 Federal health centers(undeserved rural and urban areas) 325,000 ,700 clinical cites Medical Schools dental Schools Pharmacy Schools Nursing Programs 150 91 1,500 Americans with private health insurance Medicare Beneficiaries Medicaid recipients Health Insurance Companies 41 42500,oho 1,300 Retrieved from: National Center for Health Statistics 2006; Blue Cross Blue Shield Association; American Health Insurance Plans 2009; Kaiser Family Foundation Commission on Medical and the uninsured 2008; American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy 2009; American Association of Medical Colleges 2010; American Dental Education Escalation 2009; and the National Association of Community Health centers 2009. We will write a custom essay sample on Universal Healthcare in the US or any similar topic only for you Order Now Exhibit: Show; Supply and Demand Curve as Demand change with increased access Access We propose to pay for our universal healthcare plan through the Implementation of a 5 percent value-added tax (VAT). Revenue from the tax could not be diverted to other uses such as the military or Social Security. No other tax revenues would be used to that we now spend on health care. The money would simply be collected in a more equitable way and spent more rationally, avoiding waste and excessive administrative costs. Under a VAT system, consumption is taxed throughout the chain of production, not just at the point of consumer purchases. When a manufacturer purchases raw materials from a supplier, it pays a tax to the government; when the manufacturer turns around and sells the good to the retailer, the retailer again pays a tax with its purchase; and the consumer pays the VAT when he or she buys the final product from the retailer. The amount that each player pays is a fixed percentage of the transaction price. Under this plan, the government insists that all insurers offer the same comprehensive benefits to everyone, including: office and home visits, hospitalizing, preventive screening tests, prescription drugs, some dental care, inpatient and outpatient mental health care, and physical and occupational therapy. (Individuals who want to purchase coverage for additional services like caretaker medicine, experimental drugs for serious conditions, complementary medicines or more mental health benefits could do so. ) Under the proposal, all Americans would receive a health certificate entitling the individual or family to enroll in the health care plan of their choice. In most cases, they would keep their current physician. The certificate would not be a â€Å"cash card† to buy services; instead, it would be a voucher that gives the individual or family the eight to enroll in whatever insurance plan they choose. The vouchers are of equal value, and the health plans must all offer the same rich package of benefits. No one would be forced to buy insurance; everyone would simply receive a voucher that entitled them to an equal place in our health care system, at no charge. This program would replace employer-based insurance with insurance that offers generous benefits to everyone who is not now covered by Medicare, Medicaid or the State Children’s Health Insurance Program. Today, the average state spends more than one-third of its budget on health insurance for state employees, Medicaid and SHIP. Any one already qualified for one of these three programs could switch to the universal coverage and within 10 to 15 years we could phase out those state and federally sponsored programs. This would free-up revenue to be used to rebuild some of the deteriorating infrastructure in America such as falling bridges and city water reclamation services. This would create Jobs for the economy. Transaction price. The VAT is as reliable a cash cow as you’re going to find: It can generate an enormous amount of money at a relatively low tax rate. 5% for this proposal) For example, a median-income family earning $50,000 a year might well spend the entire $50,000 on housing, food, utilities, clothing, transportation, etc. Under a 5 percent VAT, that family would pay $2500 a year to help fund universal coverage. But, in return, it would receive health insurance worth at least $12,500 (the going price for an employer-based family plan). This VAT tax proposal is four-fold: It faces up to the fact that reform won’t pay for itself, and It offers a funding mechanism that is fair and efficient and could deliver high-quality care nationwide. It regulates insurers, forcing them to concentrate on quality. Finally, and perhaps cost importantly, this plan insulates our health care system from the lobbyists who, today, have far too much control over our health care system. Lengthy waiting times for treatment. Many Canadians, that can afford it, travel America to receive treatment due to the inefficiency in their own healthcare system. Canadians also averaged 17 weeks wait time for general practitioner referrals to treatments in 2008 (Small, 2009). This is so called health care is nothing more than a bunch of bureaucratic red tape meeting extensive waiting lists and increasing patient suffering. Universal health care has no exceptions to the rules nor of patients ell being in mind. Matter of fact no matter what your condition there is no disparities of care. It is unfair to the healthy tax payers because it gives people, who smoke, drink, do drugs and eat unhealthy unfair benefits within the health care system. Universal health care will become a melting pot of sick and unhealthy people thus increasing the cost to keep the program alive. Taxpayers, doctors and insurance companies will suffer economic hardships. Nationalized health care cost will be absorbed by employers and employees. Unfortunately the incurred cost will not stop at the employers. The majority of employers will pass the cost increase onto the employees and the consumers. The cost of goods will steadily increase as a natural cost adjustment to the constant rising of health care expenses. These rising costs will have a deep impact on the economy. Not only will health care raise but so will the cost of goods and services to try and keep up with the market. The resulting factor is individuals will pay higher income taxes, even as they pay increased health care costs, reducing their ability to support families or save for retirement (McBride, 2007). Americans will not only suffer airdrops with rising taxes but many will suffer the huge blow of unemployment. The universal health care program will decisively eliminate the need for health insurance companies to exist. The resulting factor is thousands of people nationwide will be unemployed. The end result will be increased taxes, goods and services and mass unemployment but we will still have health care for all. This is not a good situation, this plan will bankrupt the American economy and slowly strangle everyone into a virtually unrecoverable downward spiral of indebtedness. Read more: http://www. Essays. Com/essays/sociology/impact-universal-health-care- as-on-doctors-and-insurance-companies-sociology-essay. PH#ixzz2VfunmylJT large body of research in recent years. There is ample empirical evidence that economic resources are associated with health outcomes. Studies to date have consistently shown that income and wealth improve such health indicators as mortality, incidence of diseases, and self-reported health status. While the association between health and economic resources is well documented and accepted, there is considerable disagreement over its source. Economists have been more interested in the effect of health on economic well-being, arguing that poor lath (disability, chronic disease and the like) affects labor market outcomes and ultimately individual resources, while medical scientists have stressed instead that background differences in economic resources and socioeconomic variables determine differences in health outcomes. The framework that we use to analyze the connection between income and health takes into account the potential two-way causation between health and economic resources. We then use information on health care quality to investigate the importance of quality on such economic variables as health inequality, income inequality and saving behavior. How to cite Universal Healthcare in the US, Papers

Development and Evaluation of Evidence †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Development and Evaluation of Evidence. Answer: Introduction Rice is one of the most preferred stable foods in a global context. Most farmers especially in Asia continent practice rice farming for purposes of commercial purpose. Rice is also exported in various part of the world. Asia continent act as the main producer and consumer of rice commodity. China and India are the main exporters of rice commodity. Comparing the total annual production, only about 6-7% of the rice commodity is traded annually in a global context. Rice exporters face numerous challenges that incorporate trade barriers (Ha, Nguyen, Kompas, Che. and Trinh, 2015). They include various government regulations, custom clearance and product inspection. These problems act has extensively diminished the ability of exporters to freely conduct their business activity at a global context. Many policies are formulated in many parts of the world although they are irrelevant in many countries. In order to accommodate an enhancing a fair trade, most exporters accommodate various measu res and enhance trade liberalization to cope up with incidences of currency fluctuations. The research below will consider the exporter practices that can be incorporated in order to avoid the existing barriers of rice in the international trade. There exist numerous trade barriers in many countries around the World. The restrictions are incorporated by both developed and undeveloped countries. They include the import tariffs, import quantity and customs taxes (Baldwin, 2016). Some countries also formulate some restriction policies that include currency fluctuations, deficiency in terms of payment and incorporation of input subsidies. Recent research by World economic forum shows that protectionism policy is incorporated in most developing nations. The forum uses the country average international tariff burden for purposes of measuring the custom duties imposed to imports of various commodities. Research conducted by USDA shows that Japan is one of the countries that impose high trade restriction on rice commodity. The current structures of imports and exports can be significantly affected by the global liberalization which leads to rapid increase of rice commodity price. The main purpose of the project is to look at the market sector of rice commodity and the enacted policies of rice exporters. The research also incorporates the discussion of variance of money that can accommodate fare price of rice commodity. The study will give some significance the export of rice in the international trade and the impacts arising as a result of various existing market barriers and trade restrictions. The study will also incorporate the existing currency fluctuations that diminish the ability of rice exporters to participate in a fair market structure. The study aims at enhancing the good relationship of the custom authorities of rice exporters and the country of imports. Involvement of custom authorities should be enhanced in both the country of imports and the exporting country. Rice traders should also be enhanced with a comparative advantage. Rice is one of the most vast consumed food commodities in many continents with Asia continent leading in terms of production and consumption. Research conducted shows that out of the 76% of the rice exported are mainly consumed by Asia continent (Adebayo Oluwakemi and Omodele, 2015) Constant rise of rice price has been observed in recent times because most exporters fear incidences of rice commodity shortage. The total production of the rice commodity in the global context does not favor the international trade. The leading producers of rice commodity include China, India, Thailand, Pakistan and Vietnam as they produce more than 50% of the total export. Pakistan has a comparative advantage over other Asian countries as it is located in a strategic place where it trades its rice and dominates over other competitors (Bishwajit, Ghosh and Peneluppi, 2017). Pakistan economy is dominated by staple rice commodity (Settle, 2016). The country is highly attributed in determining the foreign exchange earnings. The country experience delays of data delivery because the rice production incorporate manually generated statistics as well as its labor intensity. Due to incorporation of extrapolating results from collected samples, the data obtained appear to be anomalous after through cross examination. Existence of such hindrances poses a great threat when it comes to designing strategic food security and a favoring rice production system. Rice is also the main subsistence food consumed in India making it secure in terms of food security of over half of the total World population. The government of India has established various protection measures in the agricultural sector in order to cater for rapid food shortages that occur frequently (Singh, 2017). Inflation level has rapidly increased as a result of unstable increase of prices of rice commodity. The Indian authority banned the non- basmati rice in the year 2000 and also imposed the export taxation of the rice variety with the aim of reducing the local rates and increase the countries domestic supplies (Grover, 2017). This policy restricted the total amount of rice exported out of the country. There occur various theoretical measures of price as a result of imposition of export restrictions and trade tariffs in any given territory. Looking at the India context, the fluctuations of the local paddy prices will affect the producers while the high imposition of global prices will favor the rice producers. The monopoly power of India economy had a high expectation of enhancing the national economy as a result of enacting some of these trade policies. Thailand and Indonesia also incorporated the India policy and these resulted in increased level of rice prices at the global level. Bangladesh government has worked in a manner likely to suggest that it emphasis on giving priority of price stability of the rice commodity. About 75% of the total arable land is meant to produce the rice commodity (Barrow, 2016.). This enhances a total consumption of than 50% of the intake of carbohydrates per person. The country also is the 4th leading producer of rice commodity in the World although its total supply doesnt meet the demand of the rice consumption. Incidences of unstable price is facilitated the alternating movement of supply and demand. The public food distribution system is also another contributing factor that affects the unstable price of rice. The stock behaviors and seasonality in terms of rice production some of the other contributing factors to the high demand of rice commodity. The Pakistan government has also united the trading systems in the global context so as to enhance the comparative advantage over regional countries to ensure a progressive liberalization. The country has the ability to expand its market share as it is enhanced with the ability of meeting the international demands in terms of quality rice commodity that ensure standard safety (Saitone, and Sexton, 2017). Accommodation of technical knowhow that incorporate the use of technological advancement in the agricultural sector can be enhanced so as to improve the overall rice production. There exist some underlying issues in Pakistan in terms of facilitating the essential resources that are required by the World Trade Organization for purposes of trading fairly in the international market. The exporters of rice commodity in Pakistan are required by the SPS to take appropriate measures. Various institutions in the country have also gone a step further and incorporated new systems that ensure q uality assurance schemes. As a result the rice production input ha increased at a significant rate. This would accommodate the rice exporters with a comparative advantage over other Asian countries that export their rice commodity. Research conducted also shows that many rice exporting countries incorporate the use of central agencies. China and Pakistan among other countries have some control over the central agencies that are incorporated to control their exported rice. United States of America do not have some dominant organization involved in controlling their rice commodity (Narula and Wahed, 2017). In the early 20th century Thailand share more than a third while China which have a large share due to its high population. More than of total exports found their way to Pakistan, China, US and Thailand. of the total global rice export conducted annually are enhanced by Pakistan, China and Thailand. Most countries that produce the rice commodity consume it domestically. Vietnam is highly attributed to irrevocable export quota (Van, 2017). The last two decades have witnessed increased price of rice commodity in most developing countries. The main reasons that contribute to price inflation is due to trade liberalization, uncontrollable prices and devaluation which affect most poor families in terms of striving to facilitate the basic needs that incorporate accommodation of stable food (.Moody, 2017). Research conducted to obtain the effects of trade liberalization on the rice prices was enhanced by a spatial- equilibrium model. Results obtained show that the price would continue to hike if elimination of rice export quotas is incorporated. Increase of price also ascertains that the levels of poverty of poor farmers will diminish at a significant rate. The main reason as to why the use of spatial- equilibrium is enhanced is to get a relevant notion of the constant change of rice prices. Foreign exchange rates are important factors as they affect the global rice trade. This is because international prices are quoted in US currency. If the local currency of any rice exporting countries appreciate relatively as dollar, its export price will also increase and this would result in a weaken competition in the international trade (Samaniego, Vallejo and Martnez-Alier, 2017). On the other hand if the importing countrys currency appreciates relative to the dollar, the importation price (dollars) decreases and this has a comparative advantage to that particular country. Compound Annual Growth Rate and Co?Efficient of Variation for Rice Exporting Country As Percentage of Total World Exports Of Rice. country/year *CAGR #CV 1991-2000 2001-2010 1991-2000 2001-2010 India 12.75 14.73 5.64 4.28 China 14.91 2.90 7.73 2.71 Indonesia -58.98 12.17 20.35 20.65 Bangladesh 36.45 40.40 17.02 8.35 Vietnam 15.29 18.98 4.48 6.04 Thailand 5.02 17.74 1.99 5.42 Note: *CAGR? Compound Annual Growth Rate,#CV?Co?efficient of Variation. The above table shows detailed information about the compound annual growth rate of rice production in various Asian countries. India was at 1.87 in the year 1991. In the year 2010 India had a higher CGR than China .the CAGR rice production in China was at 1.61% a higher amount recorded in India. Indonesia share varied from 8.62 to 9.88 which show a significant upward trend. Rice production in Bangladesh had a sustainable growth rate in the two decades. The rice production in Vietnam has varied from a low level from 3.78% to 5.95% although it shows a continuous rise during the two decades. The same case is enhanced in Thailand as the production rate has increased during the two decades. Production of Rice (Countries) for the Periods from 1991-2010 Linear regression analysis. Country Constant Coefficient t-value p-value R-square India -2279108529 1.202 3.3636 0.0035* 0.3860 China 53590159 6.690 0.1651 0.8707 0.0015 Indonesia -1650507088 8.515 8.7593 0.0000* 0.8100 Bangladesh -2408203877 1.241 14.7398 0.0000* 0.8100 Vietnam -2047276441 1.039 22.9156 0.0000* 0.9669 Thailand -1400358060 7.132 23.9690 0.0000* 0.9696 Pakistan -435289632 2.21 6.5902 0.0000* 0.7070 The above table shows the correlation between the years of production. statistics of Bangladesh, Viet Nam, Thailand, Philippines and Pakistan are significantly positive and shows a 5% level of significance (P0.05). It means that as year advances with increase in Corresponding production during the year. But a significant and negative correlation was observed between years of production in China. (P0.05). Surprisingly, a non-significant correlation was seen between year of production and production in India and Indonesia at 5% level of Significance (p0.05). Constant rise of rice price in international trade have been observed in recent times in many rice producing countries. Government policies impose some restriction on the amount of rice commodity exported out of the country. Foreign exchange rates are affect the global rice trade Participants observation enhanced collection and storage of field notes as well as analyzing the data exporters. Survey and sample collection was selected in adjacent rural towns of various countries of Asia. It was enhanced by a spatial- equilibrium model in order to obtain the effects of trade liberalization on the rice prices (.Jacoby, 2016). Relevant respondents were interviewed to determine their social economic status. Milled grains underwent some assessment of physical traits. Analytical methods of mixed methods research was selected for its ability to provide completeness, explanation, unexpected results and illustration. Multiple choice and true/false survey questions were facilitated to the critical rice consumers, traders and producers. The indicators were selected using expert judgment comprising a small panel of researchers. Limited time required to obtain appropriate process for indicators selection (.Santana and Stelfox, 2014). The shift of paddy fields might have a significant effect on the global rice system. Rice trade liberalization has affected many producers as well as the traders. The research conducted believe that trade liberalization will bring a greater benefit to the rice producing countries (Bout and Laborde, 2017). Poverty reduction can also be enhanced and this reduces the economic burden. Unfair trade practices can be enhanced by imposing policies that protect traders and subsidies. References Adebayo Oluwakemi, O. and Omodele, I., 2015. The current status of cereal (maize, rice and sorghum) crops cultivation in Africa: Need for integration of advances in transgenic for sustainable crop production. International Journal of Agricultural Policy and Research, 3, pp.133-145. Baldwin, R., 2016. The World Trade Organization and the future of multilateralism. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 30(1), pp.95-115. Barrow, C.J., 2016. Water resources and agricultural development in the tropics. Routledge. Bishwajit, G., Ghosh, S. and Peneluppi Jr, J.R., 2017. Dynamics of Grain Security in South Asia: Promoting Sustainability through Self?sufficiency. Sustainability Challenges in the Agrofood Sector, p.103. Bout, A. and Laborde Debucquet, D. eds., 2017. Agriculture, development, and the global trading system: 20002015. Intl Food Policy Res Inst. Grover, R.K., 2017. Unit-10 Marketing, Price and Trade Policies. IGNOU. Ha, P.V., Nguyen, H.T.M., Kompas, T., Che, T.N. and Trinh, B., 2015. Rice production, trade and the poor: regional effects of rice export policy on households in Vietnam. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 66(2), pp.280-307. Jacoby, H.G., 2016. Food prices, wages, and welfare in rural India. Economic Inquiry, 54(1), pp.159-176. Moody, P., 2017. Gravedigger's Son. Sky Pony Press. Narula, R. and Wahed, M.S., 2017. The Dominant Presence of MNES in Agro-Food GVCs: Implications for the Developing Countries. In Food Security and Sustainability (pp. 71-88). Springer International Publishing. Saitone, T.L. and Sexton, R.J., 2017. Agri-food supply chain: evolution and performance with conflicting consumer and societal demands. European Review of Agricultural Economics, pp.1-24. Samaniego, P., Vallejo, M.C. and Martnez-Alier, J., 2017. Commercial and biophysical deficits in South America, 19902013. Ecological Economics, 133, pp.62-73. Santana, M.J. and Stelfox, H.T., 2014. Development and evaluation of evidence-informed quality indicators for adult injury care. Annals of surgery, 259(1), pp.186-192. Settle, A.C., 2016. Locating financialization in a less-developed economy: Micro responses to liberalization and volatility in Pakistan. Competition Change, 20(2), pp.106-121. Singh, S.P., 2017. Unit-2 Agricultural Sector Goals and Policy Options. IGNOU. Van, V.T.H., 2017. A monetary union for the ASEAN?-An empirical assessment.

Outcasting the Outcast free essay sample

You have thoroughly out-done yourself this time. Your exaggeration, nosiness, and obsession with our group were all qualities that we could escape, but now you are officially infringing on our ability to safely enjoy our backpacking trip. This five day hike along the Appalachian Trail is an honor rewarded only to the oldest and most readily equipped individuals, and the group bonding opportunities are magically binding. As the unspoken leader of the first wave of hikers, it is your job to keep us at a good pace and warn us of untamed roots, eroded dirt, or any sort of creatures (alive or dead) obstructing our booted feet from getting to everyone’s final goal: the shelter for the night. Since you feel the need to show off by creating massive and inconsistent gaps between you and your â€Å"beloved† group mates, we have come to a conclusion: it is time for a coup. We will write a custom essay sample on Outcasting the Outcast or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Well, this coup was not my idea, but I wasn’t going to be the one to say no. In fact, when my peers nudged at my pack and whispered words of inspiration, I was surprisingly willing to save the day. But Eric was my social project. If I caved into my friends’ pressure, if I got angry now and showed my frustration, I would contradict everything I had done to make him a trail leaderaˆâ€ or at least a hiker who did not ignore the rules. On the other hand, I didn’t really give a rat’s a** now. So the decision was made: I would quickly hike into the leading position without a word and just continue the hike how it started, how it was meant to be. My opportunity came sooner than I expected. The path opened up to an uncharacteristic part of the trail, a wide clearing coated in moderately sized rocks to contain erosion. It gave me the perfect space to launch myself forwardaˆâ€ I would â€Å"use the hill† and â€Å"dig deep,† ultimately putting me at the head of the group. Unfortunately, Eric was thinking (and hiking) on his toes, and he recognized the attack on his throne. Kicking it into high gear, we both started trucking up the hill like mountain goats. Of course he would pick up the pace: everything was a competition to him and I had just given him someone to fight. Then, it was a good idea for me to give him the rope to hang himself. As I pulled into the lead, his huffing and puffing distracted me for just a moment, and there it was: a rock, split perfectly down the middle as if by the devil himself. As the rock held my ankle, my body and my ego came to a crashing halt, and I buckled over. Eric took this opportunity and pulled up the hill, his blatant disregard for my injury. I propped myself up using my three uninjured limbs and stampeded up the rest of the hill like an angry mother wildebeest. With an adrenaline rush and sheer determination propelling me, I made it to the top before him. From my perspective, I was a bestial juggernaut clawing up this mountain. From the rest of the group’s perspective, I was a pathetic and feeble sloth, slow-motion lurching up this hill in a manner so unnatural that I did not fit with the endless forest surrounding me. The trip leaders quickly surrounded me with their bright red first aid bag while Eric quietly trudged up the last rocky mound to the shelter. When I overheard Eric parading his accomplishment to the rest of the group my gut filled with a hatred that could be comparable to the scorched heat of getting branded. Worst of all I had turned into the most glaring cliche of all time: I didn’t know who I hated more, him or myself. My knee was potentially ruined because of a temporary frustration. I had crippled myself in an unholy triumvirate: ligament, muscle, and cartilage tears lent my knee into a blotted bubbling cauldron of swelling caught underneath my skin. Two years, one surgery, and three long bouts of physical therapy later, you still don’t know of my immature, one sided detestation of you, and probably never will. You will probably never know how to love hiking the way I had hoped you could. You will probably never know how much I hate you for ruining this and every other sport I will ever try. You will probably never know how difficult it will be to even contemplate forgiving you in the next decade. And most definitely Eric, you will never know how much I hate myself for deciding that I was going to run up that hill and show you â€Å"who’s boss.†

Pampers Brand History Essay

Pampers Brand History Essay Pampers Brand History Essay Pampers Brand History The Birth of a Category The birth of the Pampers brand is arguably P&G’s best example of what happens when there is healthy dissatisfaction with the status quo. In 1956, a P&G researcher, Vic Mills, disliked changing the cloth diapers of his newborn grandchild. So he assigned fellow researchers in P&G’s Exploratory Division in Miami Valley, Ohio to look into the practicality of making a better disposable diaper. At the time, disposable diapers were used in less than 1% of the billions of diaper changes in the United States each year. P&G’s first test market was a fortunate failure. It was conducted in Dallas, Texas during the summer of 1958. The temperature was in the 90s and the plastic pants made the babies uncomfortable. Additionally, the plastic pants were not low cost and consumers told us that they couldn’t purchase them often. These initial design and marketing problems turned out to be a blessing in disguise. P&G went back to the drawing board to create a low cost, better-designed product that consumers could purchase frequently. Six months after the Dallas test market, P&G designed a diaper with better features including zee pleats, superior containment, a hydrophobic topsheet and a plastic backsheet. After 37,000 diapers were prepared, largely by hand, market testing began again. This time, the results were favorable and Pampers began to move out of its infancy. Going Global Touching lives, improving life: this was as important to use in the 1970s as it is today. In 1971, P&G expanded the Pampers brand around the world, working with regional teams to make sure they understood the cultural differences and parenting preferences in order to produce and market an affordable disposable diaper. Whether working to understand the highly discriminating Japanese consumer or to opening the first international plant in Euskirchen, Germany, global teamwork was a critical factor. Today, Pampers is P&G’s biggest global brand, with products serving consumers in 98 countries. And they’ve worked hard over the past fifty years to create the infrastructure to support this growth. In the 1970s, P&G learned that what they couldn’t do alone, they could do with a global partner and joint ventures became as important to us as our acquisitions. Additionally, P&G was the first U.S. company to create a truly global brand, making Pampers as familiar a term in Singapore as it is in South Dakota. Pampers Restage In P&G ‘s continued search to find ways to improve their products, they went to the task of finding a leakage solution. They started working in 1973 to perfect the fitted diaper an hour-glass shaped pad with flexible, elastic gathers. In 1976, they made the fateful decision to test market the new shaped design under a second brand name – an approach that was consistent with their 2 â€Å"new benefit, new brand† philosophy of the time. Since it was an expensive diaper to make, they launched it at a 30% premium price over Pampers and called it Luvs. Although research indicated this cost differential strongly supported a separate-brand strategy, immediately upon launch and national expansion, Luvs began to cannibalize Pampers’ sales. 1984 was a watershed year. In the largest single construction project in P&G history, they invested over $500 million to re-platforming their systems. More than 100 lines worldwide were converted to produce Pampers â€Å"Blue Ribbon,† a new fitted diaper with a thicker core and softer topsheet. But it was Pampers Ultra, with more product innovations since the brand’s inception, that ultimately helped regain market share leadership from Huggies and reestablish Pampers as the #1 share brand in the market. Inspired by Babies By 1990, P

French Revolution During 18th Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

French Revolution During 18th Century - Essay Example (Lind Frey, 2004) The immediate cause of revolution was financial crisis that originated due to war in America that was financed through borrowing by Necker and same method was adopted by Calonne to pay off the arrears which increased the deficit. Fiscal administration was so confusing that the rough analysis of financial statements of March 1788 of Old Regime budget estimated expenditures at about 629 million livres and receipts of 503 million leaving behind the deficit of 126 million or 20% which was attributed to court wastefulness and financers profit. The emptied treasury resulted in cutbacks of pension and stockholders Bank of Discounts were made legal tender. (Georges Lefebvre, Elizabeth Moss Evanson and Paul H. Beik) Ronald Schechter presents the argument of Furet wherein it is mentioned that the revolution of 1787 marked the first capitulation of the state to the demands of the sharing the power between the administrative officials and elected representatives of third estate s. (Ronald Schechter, 2001) Kings under capability of handling the situation of crisis after the war made him a weaker leader. Louis XVI was not able to control the deficit and adopted the same method that Necker used to finance the war in America. And moreover the new taxation policy by imposing the tax on elite groups like notables, and other merchants ignited the sense of revolt among the Third Estate members to which they disagreed. These factors sparked the beginning of revolution in France. The revolt from elite groups created an excitement among the commoners, notably lawyers and they supported the nobles in revolt against king even though he was authorizing them to plead his case. The Patriot Party was formed which provoked counter argument using brochures with cautious... This essay describes the French Revolution, that was the major event during the 18th century that shook the entire world and economy of France. It laid the foundation for human rights through Declaration of the Rights of Man which provided equal status to poor and downtrodden on par with nobles and clergy. It was the Estates General meeting called by Louis XVI to elect the deputies that led the revolt among the Third Estate. The revolt intensified when Third Estate broke the stalemate and spread the revolt across France inviting First and Second Estate to join the rebel. The peasants’ war broke out resulting in loss of human life. Aftermath of the revolution, the French government implemented various provision and policies to cope with the economic crisis. The French revolution had various effects in forms of economy, society, political and religion. There were no differences maintained in the state school and government authorized the positions of pastor and bishops. France r eceived dramatic response from neighboring countries in the form of war including America. It also promoted nationalism which was also adopted by Italy and Germany under Napoleon and influenced most of the European countries to adopt parliamentary democracy. Such was the impact of the revolution that evolved the democratic form of government which is followed almost by all the countries in world today giving equal rights and opportunity to each and every citizen irrespective of race, religion, social and financial status.

ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION - Assignment Example After the antennas have been excited by these currents, they start radiating radio waves. Transmitters are additionally utilized for the purposes of broadcasting and are vital equipments of communication that utilizes radio technologies (Rider, 2008). This includes equipment like cell phones, Bluetooth along with computer networks that utilize wireless technology. Transmitters are usually limited to use in equipments that are used for generating radio waves for the purpose of enabling communication (Uhrig, 2006). There are mainly three types of transmitters which are the beltpack, plug-in and handheld transmitters. The design of beltpack transmitters shows that they should be placed on the user’s body and is normally used with the help of a microphone situated outside the electronic device. They provide a lot of power to the electronic devices using batteries located on their inside (Brunetti, 2009). The plug-in type of transmitter on the other hand is made so that it can be inserted into standard dynamic microphones through their connectors. The plug-in transmitters are commonly utilized by television crews that are carrying out activities in the field. Lastly, the handheld transmitters combine microphone elements along with transmitters that have been built into one assembly line. The transmitters are commonly used in devices that will be utilized by vocalists or speakers who prefer holding onto a microphone as they communicate (Poole, 2011). Question Two: What Are Oscillator Circuits And Which Oscillator Have Been Used In The Transmitter? Oscillator circuits are electronic circuits that usually produce repetitive electronic signals which are referred to as sine or square waves. The types of signals that are generated using these oscillator circuits are broadcasted using radio along with television transmitters. The main trait of an oscillator is the frequency of its output signal (Elliot, 2011). Inverters are good examples of oscillators that are utilized for the purpose producing high powered alternate currents (AC) output from direct current (DC) supplies. There are various types of oscillators that have been utilized in transmitters which are namely the tuned-plate, tuned-grid, Hartley, colpitts, negative transconductance and electron-coupled oscillators ( Rider, 2008). The oscillator used in the transmitter is the tuned-plate one and has been preferred because it has the ability of being directly earthed without having the need of directly using a blocking capacitor. It has also been used because in helps in maintaining the amplitudes of the oscillations over a certain tunable range (Elliot, 2011). Through its mechanisms of tight coupling along with maintaining very low values for its mutual inductance it is able to maintain stability in the frequencies that are being transmitted (Uhrig, 2006). Question Three: What Are Filter Circuits And What Are The Purposes Of Using It In The Receiver? Filter circuits are circuits that have been designed for the purpose of performing the task of selecting and filtering a single or a frequency particular range from a mix of frequencies that may be found within a particular circuit (Brunetti, 2009). They are normally used in high performance receivers in case a series of frequencies require amplific ation or suppression for production of quality sound or improving the efficiency of power. They are also used for the purpose of conditioning voltage waveforms that are non-sinusoidal in various power circuits located in the receivers (Rider, 2008). Due to the sensitivity of an electronic device to harmonics, there is a great need to condition the power entering the device to ensure

Impacts of Chronic Illness: Biological Disruption

Impacts of Chronic Illness: Biological Disruption Chronic illness may cause ‘biographical disruption’. Explain what you understand by this term and drawing on the experiences of your patient. Discuss the different ways in which chronic illness impacts on an individual. Medical encyclopaedia defined disruption as the ‘morphologic defect resulting from the extrinsic breakdown of, or interference with, a developmental process.’[1] In other words, it is the interruption or impediment of a progress.[2] Therefore, biographical disruption is described as how the chronic illness can lead to the loss of self-identity or social interaction in an individual.[3] In this report, I will discuss how chronic illness impacts patients in terms of their behaviour, daily lifestyle, relationships with partners or family members and acceptance of their illness as well as how they cope with it.[4] This report will be illustrated based on my patient’s experience, Ali, a 58-year-old retired office worker from Gelang Patah. Onset and Getting a Diagnosis Chronic illnesses are non-communicable diseases which develop gradually over time. They generally cannot be solved instinctively and are barely to be cured ultimately.[5] In most cases, chronic illnesses are more likely to be insidious where the patients have mild or no symptoms. However, the transition between being asymptomatic to having a chronic illness diagnosis can be challenging for the patient. My patient, Ali, was diagnosed with hypertension in year 2010. Hypertension refers to an elevated systolic blood pressure of 140mmHg or greater and diastolic blood pressure of 90mmHg or greater.[6] It is also a risk factor of myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease, and stroke. It has been determined as the third leading cause of death worldwide by the World Health Organization and given a reputation as a ‘silent killer’.[7] Before Ali was diagnosed with hypertension, he experienced tiredness and nausea every day. He was shocked because has always led a healthy lifestyle and did sports regularly. Thus, he denied the diagnosis that the GP gave him. At first, he did not follow the routine of taking the medicine, but insisted in taking some herbs to relieve the symptoms. However, it showed no improvement in his condition. Then, he started to take his medication as indicated. Few days later, his symptoms were relieved and he accepted the truth that he is suffering from high blood pressure (BP). Before finally accepting his illness, Ali went through a stage of denial which was described by Freud as a way to protect the ego from anxiety, a defence mechanism, by not admitting that he would never return to his previous way of life and require medication for the rest of his life.[8] Coping with chronic illness Managing a chronic illness is far beyond medicating as it also involves how well a patient adapts to the effects of the symptoms in their day-to-day living. It is important how a patient manages his or her health, emotion and daily life as they can determine the efficacy of the treatment given to the patient. Besides, rather than formal healthcare and coping-with-life-changes being core [9][9][8][9][9][9][9][9]domains, they should eliminate health-compromising behaviours by self-regulatory efforts, and adopt health-enhancing behaviours. Ali said, â€Å"I had to adapt by changing my lifestyle including my diet, controlling my temper and reducing heavy workloads. Sometimes I feel that I am weaker than ever, no longer as fit as what I used to think I was. † The large submerged portion of hidden mass of the iceberg corresponds to the undiagnosed cases which are presymptomatic and unapparent.[10] About one-third of population with high BP are not aware that they have it. In other words, the extrinsic problems of what the patients present are the small constitution of the tip of the ice while the undiagnosed hypertensive patients represent the intrinsic complications deep below the surface.[11] Figure 1 Illustration of Iceberg theory[12] In addition, recent studies indicated that 58% of diagnosed hypertensive patients are receiving appropriate treatment and can communicate effectively with health care providers as well as actively self-manage their illness. This shows the difference between the two groups of individual and the success rates to reduce mortality and premature death of hypertension.[13] Chronic illness sufferers have to learn to manage their symptoms to get better. Parson’s sick role model states the obligations, ‘a sick person (patient) must get well as soon as possible’ and ‘must seek professional help’.[14, 15] Hypertension is a preventable disease, thus it is the patients’ duty to accept the medication regime. Therefore, for Ali to get well, he must actively learn to manage his illness at the same time be guided by doctors (professional role).[16] Psychosocial Impacts Relationships with family members and Daily Living Chronic illness brings a vast impact to the patient and the family. Since the onset of Ali’s illness, there have been some marked changes in his relationship with his wife of 33 years, Mira, who has taken up the responsibility to monitor his health. He finds it hard to accept that he is a patient who requires more care and attention from his wife of whom he used to take care. Despite this, Ali mentioned that the strength of his marriage had improved as he described them being closer than ever although he frequently feels frustrated due to his dependency on Mira. He now appreciates her more than before. Furthermore, Ali’s children who are highly educated always show concern for their father by checking up on him and advising him on his daily diet and exercise regime. Stigma and Isolation Stigmatisation commonly occurs with chronic illness. Stigma is described as depreciating a character which then causes the individual to be discounted.[17] It happens mainly when the patient is diagnosed with certain diseases and they are treated as abnormal or handicaps. This scenario can lead to unhappy consequences. It is then called as â€Å"deviant conditions† when they are not accepted by the society. However, Ali did not feel stigmatised at all as hypertension is one of the commonest diseases among the population. In Malaysia, the prevalence of hypertension was 42.6% in the year 2006 for the residents aged 30 years and above.[18] Furthermore, some of his friends are having the same illness; they generously shared their experiences, ways to handle the disease and methods to control BP. Changes in lifestyle and Uncertainty Life is full of uncertainties. Chronic illness contributes to unpredictable events due to the nature of the illness that can restrict some patients from leading their normal lifestyle. In addition, asymptomatic illnesses could result in distress in patients and their carers when they do not know when the disease will worsen. For Ali, he is uncertain when the BP might be raised as he knows that elevated systolic pressure above 200mmHg increases the risk of mortality from stroke[19] whereas Mira needs to get ready whenever she realises that Ali is unwell. Ali admits to feeling stressed most of the time as he is afraid that a sudden rise in BP may trouble his family, particularly his wife. Mira spends most of her time with Ali, worrying that something bad will happen to him if she leaves him alone. Uncertainty can persist throughout the course of chronic illnesses, not only at diagnosis or onset. In Ali’s case, this led to the feeling of fear and uncertainty to both Ali and his wife about what could happen to him. Stroke is the main concern for Ali as this thunderclap attack will have a huge impact on his independence and quality of life, forcing him to become a burden for his family members. Conclusion In conclusion, chronic illness is not merely a medical condition but it can cause several forms of biographical disruptions that can significantly affect a patient’s life. ‘Biographical disruption’ is one of the major aspects of living with a chronic illness because it can affect the patient’s role in the family and his or her relationship with the family members. In a wider context, it also impacts their daily life and relationship with their friends, colleagues and the community. It could potentially alter the focus of their life against their wishes and retrain them from succeeding theirs previous plans of life such as employment and hobby. For instance, Ali had thought of delaying his retirement, however, he was restricted from accomplishing jobs that he was being assigned to after being diagnosed with a chronic illness. The ability in performing tasks is diminished. Sometimes they are stigmatised as a ‘disabled’ by society. Each and every chronic illness sufferer will undergo different disruptions and changes in their life. Nonetheless, care, attention and support from the family members and society are essential to reduce the impact of the illness. Additionally, improvement on palliative care is necessary to improve the patients’ quality of life. It is important to note that the healthcare system also plays a big role in understanding the social behaviour that surrounds their patients for an efficient and effective health provision to be given. List of Figures Figure 1 Illustration of Iceberg theory References 1.Farlex, Distruption, in thefreedictionary. 2.Disruption, 2014: Research Narrative. 3.Bury, M. the Social Experience of Living with Chronic Illness and Disability. Concepts of Health and Illness: 2007 [cited 2007; Available from: http://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-textbook/medical-sociology-policy-economics/4a-concepts-health-illness/section6. 4.William, S.J., Chronic illness as biographical disruption or biological distruption as chronic illness? Reflections on a core concept. Sociology of health and illness, 2000. 22(1): p. 18. 5.Promotion, N.C.f.C.D.P.a.H. Chronic Diseases. The Power to Prevent, The Call to Control: At A Glance 2009 2009 December 17, 2009 December 17, 2009]; Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/chronic.htm. 6.Malaysia, M., Clinical Practice Guideliness Management of Hypertension, M.o.H. Malaysia, A.o.M.o. Malaysia, and M.S.o. Hypertension, Editors. 2008: Malaysia. p. 70. 7.Maryon-Davis, D.A. Hypertension – the ‘Silent Killer’. May 2005; Available from: http://www.fph.org.uk/uploads/bs_hypertension.pdf. 8.centre, W.M., Asthma, F.s. N °307, Editor 2013, World Health Organisation: World Health Organisation. 9.Barry, A.M. and C. Yuill, Understanding the Sociology of Health: An Introduction. 2008: SAGE Publications. 10.Sharma, M. Theories of disease causation. 2012 1 Jan 2014 [cited 2012 26 Nov]; Available from: http://www.slideshare.net/monikasharma7739/theories-of-disease-causationppt. 11.Tarafdar, D.M.A. iceberg phenonmenance. Available from: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Define_the_iceberg_phenomena_of_disease. 12.Ciulla, M.M., G.L. Perrucci, and F. Magrini. Adaptation and Evolution in a Gravitational Environment — A Theoretical Framework for the Limited Re-Generative Post- Natal Time Window of the Heart in Higher Vertebrates. May 22, 2013 13.Beth Collins Sharp, P.D., R.N., Hypertension Care Strategies, in Closing the Quality Gap2004, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality: US Department of Health Human Services. 14.61% of Malaysians UNHEALTHY. 2012 Tuesday, 12 June 2012]; Available from: http://www.malaysia-chronicle.com/index.php?option=com_k2view=itemid=34769:61-of-malaysians-unhealthyItemid=2#axzz2qjcz5j7l. 15.Scambler, G., Sociology as Applied to Medicine. 6TH ed. 2008, UK: ELSEVIER. 348. 16.Burke-Smith, A. and D.F. McGowan. Introduction to Medical Sociology Available from: http://www.icsmsu.com/exec/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/ABS-Sociology.pdf. 17.Organisation, W.H. 10 FACTS ON OBESITY. 2014; Available from: http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/obesity/facts/en/. 18.Hypertension: Clinical management of primary hypertension in adults. 2011 Aug 2011 [cited 2011; Available from: http://publications.nice.org.uk/hypertension-cg127. 19.Judyta Cielecka-Piontek, Arkadiusz Styszynski, and K. Wieczorowska-Tobis, Knowledge of Risk Factors for Hypertension in the Elderly. Borgis New Medicine, 2004(1): p. 2-4. Social Science SectionPage 1

Lady Macbeth Diary

Dear Diary, When I found out Duncan was coming to stay, I was anxious and excited that the king was coming to my castle. It was so perfect, so much had happened with Macbeth and I already told Macbeth about my joy and exited on his achievement. This time he had said that we could speak no further but I thought that meant he wanted to tell me something later. I not knowing what he was thinking come up conclusions. How wrong could I have been? The night of the banquet I have found him standing alone in a room thinking to himself.He said he would proceed no further with my plan. Well, I couldn’t believe it. I felt betrayed by my own husband. His will, was becoming a king but by his actions he would never reach there. To strengthen him up, I told him a few home truths. I said my husband is as weak as a newborn. He isn’t a man yet he cannot make up wise discussions. Anyways, after that he had said what if our plan fails and I then replied we will not fail because when Duncan is asleep you will go to his chamber and do as your fortune says.You will be the next king. After discussion he changed his mind and said he will do the deed. Then after I had given Macbeth the signal to go ahead with our plan. As I waited anxiously for the results, near Duncan`s room, I had to have a drink to give me strength and faith. I then started to imagine what was going on, but at one point I thought he had not done it. I could not have done it because Duncan resembles too much of my father. When Macbeth came back he was carrying two bloody daggers. Some warrior what Macbeth is!He just stood there saying awful and puzzling things and in the end I had to go back to hide the evidence so we could not get blamed for this event that occurred. After that we just washed our hands with water and went to get dressed into our nightgown to make it look like we just woke up. Macbeth was still frightened because of what he had done. Now I just hope Macbeth is king so I can be queen. I a m also concerned about him because he could instantly tell what he had committed, all what we have done can be lost. Love ,

Model of Filipino Values Essay

Philosophical basis Filipino values are for the most part centered at maintaining social harmony motivated primarily by the desire to be accepted w/in the group the main sanctions against the diverging from these values are the concept of ‘hiya’ roughly translated as a sense of shame and ‘amor propio’ or self esteem. Social approval acceptance by a group and belonging to a group are major concerns. Caring about what others will think say or do are strong influences on social behavior among Filipinos. According to the anthropologists LEONARDO MERCADO the Filipino worldview is basically nondualistic.based on his linguistic analysis of Filipino value terms like loob (Cebuano buot ),he includes that Filipinos desire harmony not only in interpersonal relationships but also with nature and religion while still remaining nondichotomous. Joenalyn & mayeth Models of the Filipino values F.landa jocano identified two models of the Filipino value system.the first is the exogenous model or the foreign model,while the second is the indigenous model of the traditional model .the foreign model is described to be a â€Å"legal and formal†model while the indigenous model is described as a â€Å"traditional and non formal’model or guide but is deeply embedded in the subconscious of the Filipinos.the foreign model was inherited by Filipinos from western cultures,particularly from the Spaniards and the Americans. Lovely, Amancia, & HANNAH ELEMENTS AND COMPOSITION Based on studies ,surveys opinions,anecdotes and other literature made by experts and researchers in relation to Filipino social values or Filipino core values along with the Filipino character or Filipino identity of a person or an individual known as the Filipino,the Filipino value system are found to possess inherent key elements,among them are optimism about the future pessimism with regards to present situation and events the concern and care for other people the existence of friendship and friendliness the habit of being hospitable religious nature respectfulness to self and others respect for the female members of society the fear of god and abhorrence of acts of cheating and thievery.the core values of Filipinos specially upholds the following items;solidarity of the family units security of the Philippine economy orientation to small groups personalism the concepts of†loob†or†kalooban†(meaning â€Å"whats inside the self†the inner self†or the â€Å"actual personal feelings of the self),the existence and maintenance of smooth interpersonal relationships and the feelings or needs of others (known as pakiramdam).in a larger picture,these values are grouped into general clusters or†macroclusters†namely,the relationship cluster the social cluster the livelihood cluster the inwardness cluster and the optimism cluster.

What Is an Acronym Definition and Examples

An acronym is a  word formed from the initial letters of a name (for example, NATO, from North Atlantic Treaty Organization) or by combining initial letters of a series of words (radar, from radio detection and ranging). Adjective: acronymic. Also called a  protogram. Strictly speaking, says lexicographer John Ayto, an acronym denotes a combination pronounced as a word . . . rather than as just a sequence of letters (A Century of New Words, 2007). An anacronym is an acronym (or another  initialism) for which the expanded form isnt widely known or used, such as OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration). Etymology From the Greek, point name Pronunciation AK-ri-nim Examples and Observations Acronyms and AbbreviationsThe difference between acronyms and abbreviations is this: acronyms are proper words created from the initial letter or two of the words in a phrase, and they are pronounced like other words (cf. snafu, radar, laser, or UNESCO). By contrast, abbreviations do not form proper words, and so they are pronounced as strings of letters, for example, S.O.B., IOU, U.S.A., MP, lp, or tv.I have a couple of lists that I can refer to throughout the day, but I dont have the official FAT book yet. Yes, it really is called the FAT (Federal Acronym and Terms) book.Acronymic TextspeakMany acronyms meant to be written have wormed their way into spoken language--just ask your BFF, or the co-worker who prefaces everything with FYI. Lately, this is also the case for Internet slang.NIMBYNIMBY: from Not In My Back Yard--for a person who opposes anything scheduled to be built near his or her residenceFEMARe-branding FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) doesnt fix the problem; it just puts a new acronym on it.The Ancient Roots of AcronymyAcronymy has ancient roots, as illustrated by the early Christian use of the Greek word ichthys meaning fish as an acronym for IÄ“sous Christos, Theou Huios, SÃ… tÄ“r (Jesus Christ, Gods son, Savior). In English, the first known acronyms (as opposed to plain old initialisms) cropped up in the telegraphic code developed by Walter P. Phillips for the United Press Association in 1879. The code abbreviated Supreme Court of the United States as SCOTUS and President of the as POT, giving way to POTUS by 1895. Those shorthand labels have lingered in journalistic and diplomatic circles--now joined by FLOTUS, which of course stands for First Lady of the United States. Sources Keith Allan and Kate Burridge,  Euphemism and Dysphemism. Oxford University Press, 1991Douglas Quenqua, Alphabet Soup.  The New York Times, September 23, 2011David MarinBen Zimmer, On Language: Acronym.  The New York Times Magazine, December 19, 2010